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Håkan the Red (Swedish: ''Håkan Röde'') was a king of Sweden, reigning for about a decade in the second half of the 11th century.〔''Håkan Röde'' in ''Nationalencyklopedin'': 〕 There is little information on him, and it is mostly contradictory.〔 Nothing is known about his reign.〔("Håkan" ) article in ''Nordisk familjebok'' (1910): 〕 Swedish historian Adolf Schück has asserted that, rather than ''Blot-Sweyn'' being an individual king, there are indications that that may have been another name for King Håkan.〔Adolf Schück, ''Saga och sed'' Kungl. Gustav Adolf Akademien, Uppsala 1957 p. 16〕 His cognomen ''the Red'' comes from the regnal list of the ''Westrogothic law'', written in early 13th century. The same source claims that he was born in Levene, in Västergötland.〔 ==Succession sequence== (詳細はStenkil in the line of Swedish kings is generally accepted as correct.〔 He would have reigned from 1070 in some areas of Sweden (succeeding Halsten Stenkilsson also known as Halsten), and from 1075 in Uppland too (succeeding Anund Gårdske). The regnal line in ''Nationalencyklopedin'' omits Anund Gårdske and presents Håkan as successor of Halsten Stenkilsson.〔"Sverige" in ''Nationalencyklopedin'': 〕 Nationalencyclopedin also suggests that he may have ruled jointly with Inge the Elder in the 1080s.〔 A papal letter from Gregory VII is addressed to Inge together with either Håkan or Halsten Stenkilsson as kings of the västgötar, ordering them to collect tithe and send priests to Rome to educate themselves.〔''Inge'' in ''Nationalencyklopedin'': 〕 According to Encyclopædia Britannica: "At the end of the Viking Age (1050 ), Sweden remained a loose federation of provinces. The old family of kings died out in 1060; after the death of the last of these kings' son-in-law, Stenkil, in 1066, a civil war broke out. Around 1080 Stenkil's sons, Ingi and Halsten, ruled, ()."〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (15th edition, 1984). Macropedia vol. 16: "History of Scandinavia: I. Scandinavia to 1523: From 1050 to the Union of Kalmar: Sweden", p.308.〕 If "civil war" is an appropriate characterisation of the period from 1066 to 1080, the rulers of that epoch would be in the grey area between "king" and "warlord". Describing this period for Sweden as a whole in a linear translatio imperii kind of regnal succession, can then only be achieved at least partially based on speculative historical reconstruction, which appears to have happened in diverging directions from the early 13th century on, at the latest. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Håkan the Red」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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